1. Mellinger GD, Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH. Treatment of insomnia. Prevalence and its correlates. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985;42:225-232. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
3. Shochat T, Umphress J. Israel AG, Ancoli Israel S. Insomnia among primary care patients Sleep. 1999;22 Suppl 2 :S359-S365 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
4. National Sleep Foundation. Washington, DC: 2005. 2005 Sleep in America Poll.
5. Ford DE, Kamerow DB. An epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances, psychiatric disorders and their effects on health. Prevention is possible JAMA. 1989;262:1479-1484. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6. Oyahon MM. What we know about the epidemiology of insomnia and what we need to learn more. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2002;6:97-111. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
7. Mello NK, Mendelson JH. Study of the sleep patterns of alcoholics in withdrawal and intoxication. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1970;175:94-112. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
8. Baekeland F., Lundwall L., Shanahan J, Kissin B. Clinical correlates of sleep disturbances in alcoholics Q J Stud Alcohol. 1974;35:1230-1241. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
9. Rundell OH, Williams HL, Lester BK. Longitudinal studies on sleep in alcoholics. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1977;85B:389-402. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
10. Caetano R., Clark CL., Greenfield TK. Trends and prevalence of symptoms of alcohol withdrawal: An analysis of clinical samples and general population. Research World on Alcohol Health and Research. 1998;22:73-79. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
11. Foster JH, Marshall EJ and Peters TJ. The life situation survey (LSS) is a measure of quality of life that can be applied to alcohol-dependent people in relapse or remission. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000;24:1687-1692. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
12. Brower KJ, Aldrich MS, Robinson EAR, Zucker RA, Greden JF. Insomnia, self-medication, and relapse to alcoholism Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:399-404. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
14. Cohn TJ. Foster JH. Peters TJ. Sequential studies on sleep disturbance and quality life in abstaining alcohols. Addiction Biology. 2003;8:455-462. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
15. Foster JH, Peters TC. The impact of impaired sleep on alcohol misusers and dependents alcoholics, and how it affects the outcome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999;23:1044-1051. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16. Brower KJ. Aldrich MS. Hall JM. The predictors of alcoholic relapse are subjective and polysomnographic sleep patterns. Clinical and Experimental Research on Alcoholism 1998;22:1864-1871. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17. Johnson EO, Roehrs T. Roth T. Breslau NA. Early adulthood: Epidemiology and use of medication and alcohol as a sleep aid. Sleep. 1998;21:178-186. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
18. Weissman MM, Greenwald S, Nino-Murcia G, Dement WC. Insomnia is a common condition that’s not complicated by psychiatric disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry. 1997;19:245-250. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
19. Crum RM, Storr CL, Chan Y-F, Ford DE. Sleep disturbance and risk for alcohol-related problems Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:1197-1203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
20. Crum RM., Ford DE., Storr CL. Chan YF. Association of insomnia with chronicity and remission from alcohol dependence: Data from a population-based prospective research. Clinical and Experimental Research on Alcoholism 2004;28:1533-1540. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
21. Wong MM, Brower KJ, Fitzgerald HE, Zucker RA. Early onset of alcohol or other drugs in adolescence and sleep problems in childhood. Clinical and Experimental Research on Alcoholism 2004;28:578-587. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
22. Benca RM. Sleep disorders in psychiatric patients Neurologic Clinics 1996;14:739-764. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
23. Alling C., Balldin J., Bokstrom K. Gottfries CG. Karlsson I. Langstrom G. Studies about the late recovery period following chronic ethanol abuse. Cross-sectional analysis of biochemical and psychoiatric indicators. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1982;66:384-397. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
24. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, III, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: New instrument for psychiatric research and practice. Psychiatry Research. 1989;28:193-213. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
25. Gann H. Feige B. Hohagen F. van Calker D. Geiss D. Sleep induction test using the cholinergic Rapid Eye Movement (Sleep) in patients with primary alcohol dependence. Biological Psychiatry. 2001;50:383-390. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
26. Carskadon MA, Dement WC. Normal human sleep: An overview. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, editors. Principles and Practice of the Sleep Medicine. Philadelpha: W.B. Saunders Company, 2000. pp. 15-25. [Google Scholar]
27. Ohayon MM, Carskadon MA, Guilleminault C, Vitiello MV. Meta-analysis of quantitative sleeping parameters in healthy people from childhood to old age: Developing normative values for sleep across the lifespan Sleep. 2004;27:1255-1273. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
28. Adamson J, Burdick IA. Sleep of dry alcoholics. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1973;28:146-149. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
29. Gross MM, Goodenough D, Nagarajan M. Hastey JM. Experimental alcoholization and withdrawal for 4 to 6 days inducing sleep changes in humans. Gross MM, editor. Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal: Experimental Studies I. Advances in Experimental Medicine. Vol. 35. New York: Plenum Press; 1973. pp. 291-294. [Google Scholar]
30. Johnson LC, Burdick JA and Smith J. The chronic alcoholic needs to sleep during withdrawal and alcohol intake. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1970;22:406-418. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
31. Lester BK, Rundell OH, Cowden LC, Williams HL. Chronic alcoholism, sleep and alcohol. In: Gross MM. Editor. Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal: Experimental Studies Vol. 35. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1973. pp. 261-280. [Google Scholar]
32. Wagman AM, Allen RP. The effects of alcohol ingestion on the slow-wave sleep of alcoholics. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1975;59:453-466. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
33. Gillin JC and Smith TL, Irwin M. Kripke D.F., Schuckit M. EEG Sleep Studies in “pure” primary alcoholicism during subacute withdrawal. Relationships to normal controls, age, as well as other clinical variables. Biol Psychiatry. 1990;27:477-488. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
34. Le Bon O, Verbanck P, Hoffmann G, Murphy JR, Staner L, De Groote D, Mampunza S, Den Dulk A, Vacher C, Kornreich C, Pelc I. Detoxified alcoholics sleeping: impaired sleep parameters, increased risk of sleep apnea and decreased quality of life-a controlled study. J Stud Alcohol. 1997;58:30-36. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
35. Gann H. Van Calker D. Feige B. Cloot O. Bruck D. Berger M. Riemann D. A polysomnographic comparison of patients with primary alcohol dependence during subacute withdrawal and those with major depression. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2004;254:263-271. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
37. Irwin M. Miller C. Gillin JC. Demodena A., Ehlers CL. The interaction of alcohol dependence and African-American ethnicity in primary alcoholics is shown by polysomnographic and spectrum sleep EEG. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000;24:1376-1384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
38. Gillin JC. Smith TL. Irwin M. Kripke D.F. Brown S., Schuckit M. Short REM latency among primary alcoholics with secondary depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147:106-109. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
39. Williams HL, Rundell OH. Jr. Altered sleep physiology of chronic alcoholics: reversal by abstinence Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1981;5:318-325. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
40. Drummond SPA. Gillin JC. Smith TL. DeModena A. The natural course of relapse and the relationship to it: The sleep of pure, abstinent primary alcoholic patients. Clinical and Experimental Research on Alcoholism 1998;22:1796-1802. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
41. Skoloda TE and Alterman AI, Gottheil E. Sleep quality measured by non-drinking alcoholics. In: Gottheil EL, editor. Addiction research and treatment : converging trends : proceedings of the First Annual Coatesville-Jefferson Conference on Addiction; Pergamom Press; Elmsford, NY. 1979. pp. 102-112. [Google Scholar]
42. Foster JH, Marshall EJ and Peters TJ. After detoxification, predictors of heavy drinking relapse in alcohol dependent subjects – The role quality of life, ethnicity, social status, and use of drugs. Addiction Biology. 1998;3:333-343. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
43. Brower KJ. Relapse, insomnia and alcoholism. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2003;7:523-539. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
44. Vitiello MV. Sleep, alcohol, or alcohol abuse. Addiction Biology. 1997;2:151-158. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
45. Allen RP, Wagman AM, Funderburk FR. Slow wave sleep changes: Alcohol tolerance and treatment implications. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1977;85A:629-640. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
46. Aldrich MS, Hall JM, Eiser AS, Kroll P, Brower K, Shipley JE. Slow wave sleep decrement in treatment alcoholics and relapse tendency Sleep Research. 1994;23:185. [Google Scholar]
47. Gillin JC and Smith TL, Irwin M. Butters N. Demodena A., Schuckit M. An increase in pressure for rapid eye movements sleep at the time of hospital admission predicts relapse among nondepressed primary alcoholism patients at three-month follow up. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:189-197. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
48. Clark CP, Gillin JC. Golshan S. Demodena A. Smith TL. Danowski S. Irwin M. Schuckit M. Higher REM sleep density at admission predicts relapse of three months for primary alcoholics with a lifetime history of secondary depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;43:601-607. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
49. Friedmann PD, Herman DS, Freedman S, Lemon SC, Ramsey S, Stein MD. The treatment of alcohol-related sleep disturbance: A national survey of addiction medicine doctors. J Addict Dis. 2003;22:91-103. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
50. Roehrs T, Roth T. Hypnotics: an update. Current Neurology and Neuroscience reports. 2003;3:181-184. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
51. Aubin H-J. Goldenberg F. Benoit O. Benoit O. Gillet C. Roullet-Volmi C. Barrucand D. Sleep polygraphy during subacute withdrawal for alcohol-dependent patients. Human Psychopharmacology. 1994;9:191-195. [Google Scholar]
52. Mendelson WB. Roth T. Cassella J. Roehrs T. Walsh JK. Woods JH. Woods JH. Buysse DJ. Meyer RE. Chronic insomnia: Drug indications, chronic abuse and liability. Summary of the 2001 New Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit Meeting Symposium Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2004;8:7-17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
53. Graham, AW. Sleep disorders. In: Graham AW, Schultz T, editors. Principles of Addiction Medicine Chevy Chase, MD; American Society of Addiction Medicine 1998. pp. 793-808. [Google Scholar]
54. Ciraulo DA, Nace EP. Benzodiazepine for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia in substance abuse victims The American Journal on Addictions. 2000;9:276-284. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
55. Hajak G., Muller WE. Wittchen HU. Pittrow D. Kirch W. Abuse potential of non-benzodiazepine prescription hypnotics Zopidem/Zopiclone: A review of case reports. Addiction. 2003;98:1371-1378. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
56. Johnson B, Longo LP. The physician may have to consider these factors when prescribing benzodiazepines for patients suffering from addiction. Psychiatric Annals. 1998;28:160-165. [Google Scholar]
57. Kranzler HR. Treatment of anxiety disorders and symptoms in alcoholics. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1996;57:15-21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
58. Schuckit MA. Recent developments in the pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1996;64:669-676. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
59. Swift RM. Treatment of drug and alcohol dependence by pharmacologic means: Standard and experimental therapies Psychiatric Annals. 1998;28:697-702. [Google Scholar]
60. Borbely A, Achermann P. After administration of benzodiazepine, EEG slow-wave activity is observed in physiological sleep. Human Neurobiology. 1987;6:203-210. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
61. Johnson BA, Swift RM and Ait-Daoud N. DiClemente CC. Javors MA. Malcolm R. Jr. Development of new pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol dependence: A focus on antiepileptics. Clinical and Experimental Research on Alcoholism 2004;28:295-301. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
62. Malcolm RH, Myrick HC, Roberts J. Wang W. Anton RF. Differential effects of medication on mood, sleep disturbance, work ability, and other aspects of outpatient alcohol detoxification. American Journal of Addictions. 2002;11:141-150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
63. LaRoche S, Helmers S. New antiepileptic drugs. JAMA. 2004;291:605-614. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
64. Karam-Hage M, Brower KJ. Gabapentin is used to treat insomnia caused by alcohol dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:151. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
65. Karam-Hage M, Brower KJ. Gabapentin and trazodone in insomnia treatment for alcoholics: an open pilot study Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences. 2003;57:542-544. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
66. Rosenberg KP. Gabapentin is a treatment for chronic insomnia. The American Journal on Addictions. 2003;12 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
67. Jenkins CD, Stanton BA, Niemcryk SJ, Rose RM. A scale to estimate sleep problems in clinical research. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 1988;41:313-321. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
68. Brower KJ, Kim HM, Karam-Hage MA, Zucker RA, Greden JF. Gabapentin vs. placebo in the treatment of alcohol dependence: randomized double-blind clinical trial Biological Psychiatry. 2003;53:845-855. [Google Scholar]
69. Longo LP, Johnson B. Treatment for insomnia in patients who abuse substances. Psychiatric Annals. 1998;28:154-159. [Google Scholar]
70. Armitage, R. Antidepressants and sleep in depression patients. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;45:803-809. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
71. Mendelson WB. Review of the evidence supporting the efficacy of trazodone as a treatment for insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2005;66:469-476. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
72. Kaynak H., Kaynak D., Gozukirmizi E., Guilleminault C. Effects of trazodone upon sleep in patients receiving stimulant antidepressants. Sleep Medicine. 2004;5:15. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
73. Nierenberg AA, Adler LA, Peselow E, Zornberg G, Rosenthal M. Trazadone for antidepressant-associated insomnia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994;151:1069-1072. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
74. Janiri L., Hadjichristos A., Buonanno A., Rago R. Mannelli P., de Risio S. Adjuvant Trazadone in the Treatment of Alcoholism: An Open Study Alcohol & Alcoholism. 1998;33:362-365. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
75. Liebowitz NR and El-Mallakh RS. Trazodone is used to treat anxiety symptoms in substance addicts. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1989;9:449-450. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
76. Le Bon O, Murphy JR. Staner L. Hoffmann G. Hoffmann G. Kentos M. Dupont P. Lion K. Pelc I. Verbanck P. A double-blind, placebo controlled study of the effectiveness of trazodone for alcohol withdrawal syndrome: clinical and polysomnographic evaluations. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2003;23:377-383. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
77. Ciraulo DA, Sands BF, Shader RI. Critical analysis of the liability for benzodiazepine misuse among alcoholics. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1988;145:1501-1506. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
78. Mason BJ. Dosing issues in the treatment of alcoholism. Clinical and Experimental Research on Alcoholism 1996;20:10A-16A. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
79. Gillin JC, Rapaport M, Erman MK, Winokur A, Albala BJ. Comparison of fluoxetine and nefazodone on mood and objective, subjective and clinician-rated measures for sleep in depressed patients: An 8-week double-blind clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997;58:185-192. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
80. Sharpley AL, Williamson D, Attenburrow MEJ. Pearson G., Sargent P. Cowen PJ. Study of the effects of paroxetine or nefazodone upon sleep: A placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology. 1996;126:50-54. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
81. Cornelius JR, Salloum IM, Ehler JG, Jarrett PJ, Cornelius MD, Perel JM, Thase ME, A B. Fluoxetine in depressed alcoholics. Double-blind, placebo controlled trial Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54:700-705. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
82. Kranzler HR. Burleson J., Korner P. Del Boca FK. Bohn MJ. Brown J. Liebowitz N. Placebo controlled trial of fluoxetine as adjunct to relapse prevention for alcoholics. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;152:391-397. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
83. Kranzler HR, Mueller T, Cornelius J, Pettinati HM, Moak D, Martin PR, Anthenelli R, Brower KJ. Treatment with sertraline for co-occurring alcohol dependence or major depression Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2006;26:13-20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
84. McBride WJ, Le AD, Noronha A. Mechanisms of the central nervous system in alcohol relapse. Clinical and Experimental Research on Alcoholism 2002;26:280-286. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
85. Moak DH. Anton RF. Latham PK. Voronin KE. Waid RL. Durazo-Arvizu R. Sertraline treatment for depressed alcoholics. Results of a placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2003;23:553-562. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
86. Nunes EV, Levin FR. A meta-analysis of treatment for depression in patients suffering from alcohol dependence or drug dependence. JAMA. 2004;291:1887-1896. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
87. Dundon W. Lynch KG. Lynch HM. Pettinati HM. Lipkin C. Type A and type B alcohol dependence treatment outcomes 6 months after serotonergic pharmacotherapy. Clinical and Experimental Research on Alcoholism 2004;28:1065-1073. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
88. Winokur A., Sateia M.J., Hayes JB. Bayles-Dazet WI, MacDonaldMM, Gary K. Pilot study on the acute effects of mirtazapine in depression patients regarding sleep continuity and architecture Biological Psychiatry. 2000;48:75-78. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
89. Cohrs S., Rodenbeck A. Guan Z. Pohlmann K. Jordan W. Meier A. Sleep-promoting properties for quetiapine among healthy subjects. Psychopharmacology. 2004;174:421-429. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
90. Monnelly EP. Ciraulo D, Knapp C. LoCastro J. Sepulvda I. Quetiapine to treat alcohol dependence. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2004;24:532-535. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
91. Catalano G, Grace JW, Catalano MC, Morales MJ, Cruse LM. Quetiapine can cause acute akathisia. Psychosomatics. 2005;46:291-301. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
92. Cajochen C, Krauchi K, Wirz-Justice A. The role of melatonin and the regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms in human health. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2003;15:432-437. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
93. Kuhlwein E., Hauger RL., Irwin MR. Disordered sleep and abnormal nocturnal melatonin production in abstinent alcoholics. Biological Psychiatry. 2003;54:1437-1443. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
94. Schmitz MM, Sepandj A, Pichler PM, Rudas S. Disrupted melatonin-secretion during alcohol withdrawal. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 1996;20:983. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
95. Wetterberg L, Aperia B, Gorelick DA, Gwirtzman HE, McGuire MT, Serafetinides EA, A Y. Low levels of urinary melanin are linked to depression, alcoholism, and age. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 1992;17:215-224. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
96. Fuller RK, Branchey L, Brightwell DR, Derman RM, Emrick CD, Iber FL, James KE, Lacoursiere RB, Lee KK, Lowenstam I, et al. A Veterans Administration cooperative study. Treatment of alcoholism with disulfiram. JAMA. 1986;256:1449-1455. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
97. Snyder S, Karacan I. Salis PJ. Disulfiram’s effects on sleep in chronic alcoholics. Currents in Alcoholism 1981;8:159-166. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
98. Fuller RK, Gordis EB. Is disulfiram still used in treatment of alcoholism? Addiction. 2004;99:21-24. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
99. 2005 NIH State-of-the-Science Conference Statement: Manifestations and Management Of Chronic Insomnia in Adults. NIH Consens Sci statements; 2005. Jun 13-15, pp. 1-30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
100. Morin CM, Culbert JP, Schwartz SM. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments for insomnia Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151:1172-1180. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
101. Murtagh DRR. Greenwood KM. A meta-analysis of effective psychological treatments for insomnia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63:79-89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
102. Currie SR. Wilson KG. Pontefract AJ. deLaplante L. Cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia secondary chronic pain. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:407-416. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
103. Davidson JR, Waisberg JL, Brundage MD, MacLean AW. A preliminary study of cancer survivors with nonpharmacologic treatment for insomnia. Psycho-Oncology. 2001;10:389-397. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
104. Quesnel, C, Savard J. Simard S. Simard S. Simard S. Ivers H. Morin CM. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia is effective in treating nonmetastatic breast carcinoma patients. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71:189-200. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
105. Savard J. Simard S. Ivers H. Morin CM. Randomized Study of the Efficacy and Psychological Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Secondary To Breast Cancer. Part 1. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:6083-6096. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
106. Morin CM. PhD, Bastien C. PhD, Guay B. MD, Radouco Thomas M. MD, Leblanc J. BCPP, Vallieres A. PhD Randomized Clinical Trial of Supervised Tapering, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, and Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Facilitate Benzodiazepine Stoppage in Older Adults with Chronic Insomnia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;161:332-342. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
107. Smith MT. Perlis MML. Park A. Smith MS. Pennington J. Giles DE. Buysse DJ. Comparative meta-analysis on pharmacotherapy for persistent insomnia. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:5-11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
108. Irwin MR, Cole JC, Nicassio PM. Comparative meta-analysis on behavioral interventions for sleeplessness and their effectiveness in middle-aged and older adults aged 55+. Health Psychology. 2006;25:3-14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
109. Morin CM. Colecchi C. Stone J. Sood R. Brink D. Behavioral as well as pharmacological treatments for late-life sleeplessness: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999;281:991-999. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
110. Jacobs GD, Pace-Schott E, Stickgold R, Otto MW. Cognitive behavior therapy and psychotherapy for insomnia. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004;164:1888-1896. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
111. Sivertsen B, Omvik S, Pallesen S, Bjorvatn B, Havik OE, Kvale G, Nielsen GH, Nordhus IH. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Zopiclone in the Treatment of Chronic Primary Sleeplessness in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Study. JAMA. 2006;295:2851-2858. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
112. Edinger JD, Sampson WS. Cognitive behavioral insomnia therapy for primary care. Sleep. 2002;26:177-182. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
113. Spielman AJ. Saskin P. Thorpy JM. Chronic insomnia can be treated by limiting time spent in bed. Sleep. 1987;10:45-56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
114. Bootzin RR and Nicassio PM. Treatments for insomnia using behavioral techniques. In: Hersen M, Eissler R, Miller P, editors. Progress in Behavior Modification Vol. 6. New York, NY; Academic Press; 1978. 1-45. [Google Scholar]
115. Morin CM. Insomnia: Psychological evaluation and management. New York: The Guilford Press, 1993. [Google Scholar]
116. Engle-Friedman, Bootzin R, Hazlewood L and Tsao C. A review of behavioral treatments for insomnia in the elderly. J Clin Psychol. 1992;48:77-90. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
117. Guilleminault C. Clerk A. Black J. Labanowski M. Pelayo R. Claman D. Psychophysiological insomnia: Non-drug treatment trials. Arch Intern Med.
118. Morin CM, Hauri PJ, Espie CA, Spielman AJ, Buysse DJ, Bootzin RR. Chronic insomnia can be treated nonpharmacologically. Review by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep.
119. Chesson AL, Jr. Anderson WC. Littner M. Davila D. Hartse K. Johnson S. Wise M. Rafecas J. Guidelines for non-pharmacologic treatment for chronic insomnia Sleep.
120. Nicassio PM, Bootzin RA. Comparison of progressive relaxation and autogenic therapy as treatments for insomnia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1974;83:253-260. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
121. Nicassio PM. Boylan MB. McCabe TW. In the treatment of insomnia, progressive relaxation, biofeedback, and biofeedback placebo are all options. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1982;55:159-166. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
122. Sanavio E. Treatment of onset-insomnia and cognitive intrusions before sleep. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1988;26:451-459. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
123. Espie CA, Lindsay WR. Brooks DN. Hood E. Turvey TR. A controlled comparative study of psychological treatments for chronic insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1989;27:79-88. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
124. Friedman L, Bliwise DL and Yesavage JA. A preliminary study comparing relaxation and sleep restriction for insomnia in older adults. Journal of Gerontology. 1991;46:1-8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
125. Lichstein KL, Johnson RS. Relaxation for insomnia, hypnotic medication usage in older women Psychology and Aging 1993;8:103-111. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
126. Lichstein KL, Riedel BW, Wilson NM, Lester KW, Aguillard RN. A placebo-controlled trial of relaxation and sleep compression for insomnia late in life: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69:227-239. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
127. Beck AT, Rush AJ Shaw BF Emery G Cognitive therapy for depression New York: The Guilford Press, 1979. [Google Scholar]
128. Edinger JD, Wohlgemuth WK, Radtke RA, Marsh GR, Quillian RE. Is cognitivebehavioral insomnia treatment able to alter dysfunctional sleep beliefs? Sleep. 2001;24:591-599. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
129. Morin CM, Blais F, Savard J. Is it possible to improve sleep quality by changing your beliefs and attitudes? Behav Res Ther. 2002;40:741-752. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
130. Harvey L, Inglis SJ., Espie CA. Insomniacs’ use of CBT components, and their relationship to long-term clinical outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2002;40:75-83. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
131. Greeff AP, Conradie WS. Progressive relaxation training is used for insomniac chronic alcoholics. Psychol Rep. 1998;82:407-412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
132. Currie SR, Clark S, Hodgins DC, el-Guebaly N. Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive-behavioural interventions for insomnia in recovering alcoholics. Addiction. 2004;99:1121-1132. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
133. Arnedt JT. Conroy D. Rutt J. Aloia MS. Brower KJ. Armitage R. Open trial of cognitive-behavioral treatments for insomnia that are comorbid with alcohol dependence. Sleep Medicine. Press. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
134. Bootzin RR, Stevens SJ. Treatment of insomnia and daytime sleepiness, as well as substance abuse in adolescents Clinical Psychology Review. 2005;25:629-644. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
135. Haynes PL. Bootzin RR. Smith L. Cousins J. Cameron M. Stevens S. Adolescents who abuse substances: Results of an integrative behavioral treatment pilot program. Sleep. 2006;29:512-520. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]